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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q165-Q170):

NEW QUESTION # 165
CyberTech Inc. recently experienced SQL injection attacks on its official website. The company appointed Bob, a security professional, to build and incorporate defensive strategies against such attacks. Bob adopted a practice whereby only a list of entities such as the data type, range, size, and value, which have been approved for secured access, is accepted. What is the defensive technique employed by Bob in the above scenario?

  • A. Output encoding
  • B. Blacklist validation
  • C. Enforce least privileges
  • D. Whitelist validation

Answer: D

Explanation:
Defenses in the Application - Input Validation Whitelist Validation, Whitelist validation is a best practice whereby only the list of entities (i.e., data type, range, size, value, etc.) that have been approved for secured access is accepted. Whitelist validation can also be termed as positive validation or inclusion. (P.2164/2148)


NEW QUESTION # 166
An employee finds a USB drive labeled "Employee Salary Info 2024" and plugs it into a company computer, causing erratic behavior. What type of social engineering attack is this?

  • A. Bypassing physical security by following an authorized employee.
  • B. Impersonating a senior staff member to extract login credentials.
  • C. Tempting the victim to engage with a malicious device using curiosity.
  • D. Using a discarded document to retrieve sensitive information.

Answer: C

Explanation:
This scenario represents a classic baiting attack, a social engineering technique explicitly described in CEH v13 Social Engineering. In baiting, attackers exploit human curiosity or greed by leaving behind a malicious physical device-most commonly a USB drive-with an enticing label. When the victim plugs the device into a system, malware is automatically executed, leading to compromise.
Option A precisely captures this behavior. The label "Employee Salary Info 2024" is intentionally designed to entice the victim into interacting with the device. CEH v13 highlights USB baiting as particularly dangerous because it bypasses technical controls and relies solely on human behavior.
Option B describes pretexting, which involves impersonation. Option C refers to dumpster diving. Option D describes tailgating, a physical access attack. None of these match the USB-based lure described.
CEH v13 emphasizes that baiting attacks are highly effective in corporate environments and recommends strong security awareness training and disabling USB autorun features as mitigation.


NEW QUESTION # 167
Infected systems receive external instructions over HTTP and DNS, with fileless payloads modifying system components. What is the most effective action to detect and disrupt this malware?

  • A. Use behavioral analytics to monitor abnormal outbound behavior
  • B. Block common malware ports
  • C. Allow only encrypted traffic via proxies
  • D. Update antivirus signatures regularly

Answer: A

Explanation:
This scenario describes fileless malware using covert command-and-control (C2) channels over commonly allowed protocols such as HTTP and DNS, a technique heavily emphasized in CEH v13 Malware Threats. Such malware avoids writing files to disk and instead leverages memory, legitimate system tools, and trusted protocols to evade traditional defenses.
Signature-based antivirus updates (Option A) are ineffective against fileless malware because there are no static artifacts to match. Blocking known malware ports (Option C) is also ineffective, as the malware intentionally uses ports 80 and 53, which must remain open for normal business operations. Restricting plain HTTP (Option B) may reduce visibility but does not stop DNS tunneling or encrypted malicious traffic.
CEH v13 identifies behavioral analytics as the most effective countermeasure against advanced malware.
Behavioral solutions establish a baseline of normal system and network activity, then detect anomalies such as:
* Unusual outbound DNS query patterns
* Abnormal HTTP beaconing intervals
* Legitimate applications behaving suspiciously
* PowerShell or system tools generating network traffic unexpectedly
By monitoring how systems behave rather than what files exist, behavioral analytics can identify stealthy C2 communications and disrupt them early. Therefore, Option D is the most effective and CEH-aligned response.


NEW QUESTION # 168
After a breach, investigators discover attackers used modified legitimate system utilities and a Windows service to persist undetected and harvest credentials. What key step would best protect against similar future attacks?

  • A. Monitor file hashes of critical executables for unauthorized changes
  • B. Disable unused ports and restrict outbound firewall traffic
  • C. Ensure antivirus and firewall software are up to date
  • D. Perform weekly backups and store them off-site

Answer: A

Explanation:
CEH materials describe this attack pattern as Living-off-the-Land (LotL), where attackers abuse legitimate tools to avoid detection. Because these binaries are normally trusted, traditional antivirus solutions may not flag them.
CEH recommends file integrity monitoring (FIM), which tracks cryptographic hashes of sensitive executables and alerts administrators when unauthorized modifications occur.
Option D is correct.
Options A and B support resilience but do not detect tampering.
Option C alone is insufficient against LotL attacks.


NEW QUESTION # 169
An ethical hacker is hired to conduct a comprehensive network scan of a large organization that strongly suspects potential intrusions into their internal systems. The hacker decides to employ a combination of scanning tools to obtain a detailed understanding of the network. Which sequence of actions would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status?

  • A. Use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet, then use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts, and finally use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities
  • B. Begin with NetScanTools Pro for a general network scan, then use Nmap for OS detection and version detection, and finally perform an SYN flooding with Hping3
  • C. Start with Hping3 for a UDP scan on random ports, then use Nmap for a version detection scan, and finally use Metasploit to exploit detected vulnerabilities
  • D. Initiate with Nmap for a ping sweep, then use Metasploit to scan for open ports and services, and finally use Hping3 to perform remote OS fingerprinting

Answer: A

Explanation:
The sequence of actions that would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status is to use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet, then use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts, and finally use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities. This sequence of actions works as follows:
* Use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet: This action is used to discover the active hosts on the network by sending ICMP echo request packets to each possible IP address on the subnet and waiting for ICMP echo reply packets from the hosts. Hping3 is a command-line tool that can craft and send custom packets, such as TCP, UDP, or ICMP, and analyze the responses. By using Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan, the hacker can quickly and efficiently identify the live hosts on the network, as well as their response times and packet loss rates12.
* Use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts: This action is used to scan the open ports and services on the active hosts by sending TCP SYN packets to a range of ports and analyzing the TCP responses. Nmap is a popular and powerful tool that can perform various types of network scans, such as port scanning, service detection, OS detection, and vulnerability scanning. By using Nmap for a SYN scan, the hacker can determine the state of the ports on the active hosts, such as open, closed, filtered, or unfiltered, as well as the services and protocols running on them. A SYN scan is also known as a stealth scan, as it does not complete the TCP three-way handshake and thus avoids logging on the target system34.
* Use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities: This action is used to exploit the vulnerabilities on the active hosts by using pre-built or custom modules that leverage the open ports and services.
Metasploit is a framework that contains a collection of tools and modules for penetration testing and exploitation. By using Metasploit, the hacker can launch various attacks on the active hosts, such as remote code execution, privilege escalation, or backdoor installation, and gain access to the target system or data. Metasploit can also be used to perform post-exploitation tasks, such as gathering information, maintaining persistence, or pivoting to other systems .
The other options are not as comprehensive as option B for the following reasons:
* A. Initiate with Nmap for a ping sweep, then use Metasploit to scan for open ports and services, and finally use Hping3 to perform remote OS fingerprinting: This option is not optimal because it does not use the tools in the most efficient and effective way. Nmap can perform a ping sweep, but it is slower and less flexible than Hping3, which can craft and send custom packets. Metasploit can scan for open ports and services, but it is more suitable for exploitation than scanning, and it relies on Nmap for port scanning anyway. Hping3 can perform remote OS fingerprinting, but it is less accurate and reliable than Nmap, which can use various techniques and probes to determine the OS type and version13 .
* C. Start with Hping3 for a UDP scan on random ports, then use Nmap for a version detection scan, and finally use Metasploit to exploit detected vulnerabilities: This option is not effective because it does not use the best scanning methods and techniques. Hping3 can perform a UDP scan, but it is slower and less reliable than a TCP scan, as UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not always generate responses. Scanning random ports is also inefficient and incomplete, as it may miss important ports or services. Nmap can perform a version detection scan, but it is more useful to perform a port scan first, as it can narrow down the scope and speed up the scan. Metasploit can exploit detected vulnerabilities, but it is not clear how the hacker can identify the vulnerabilities without performing a vulnerability scan first13 .
* D. Begin with NetScanTools Pro for a general network scan, then use Nmap for OS detection and version detection, and finally perform an SYN flooding with Hping3: This option is not comprehensive because it does not cover all the aspects and objectives of a network scan. NetScanTools Pro is a graphical tool that can perform various network tasks, such as ping, traceroute, DNS lookup, or port scan, but it is less powerful and versatile than Nmap or Hping3, which can perform more advanced and customized scans. Nmap can perform OS detection and version detection, but it is more useful to perform a port scan first, as it can provide more information and insights into the target system. Performing an SYN flooding with Hping3 is not a network scan, but a denial-of-service attack, which can disrupt the network and alert the target system, and it is not an ethical or legal action for a hired hacker13 .
References:
1: Hping - Wikipedia
2: Hping3 Examples - NetworkProGuide
3: Nmap - Wikipedia
4: Nmap Tutorial: From Discovery to Exploits - Part 1: Introduction to Nmap | HackerTarget.com
5: Metasploit Project - Wikipedia
6: Metasploit Unleashed - Offensive Security
7: NetScanTools Pro - Northwest Performance Software, Inc.


NEW QUESTION # 170
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