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CKS考試大綱, CKS考古題分享, 最新CKS考題, 新版CKS考古題, CKS考題寶典

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最新的 Kubernetes Security Specialist CKS 免費考試真題 (Q59-Q64):

問題 #59
SIMULATION
Documentation Deployments, Pods, Falco
You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh cks000026
Context
A Pod is misbehaving and poses a security threat to the system.
Task
One of the Pods belonging to the application ollama is misbehaving. It is directly accessing the system's memory reading from the sensitive file /dev/mem.
First, identify the misbehaving Pod accessing /dev/mem.
The cluster uses the Docker Engine as its container runtime . If needed, use the docker command to troubleshoot running containers.
Next, identify the Deployment managing the misbehaving Pod and scale it to zero replicas.
Do not modify the Deployment except for scaling it down.
Do not modify any other Deployments .
Do not delete any Deployments.

答案：

解題說明：
See the Explanation below for complete solution
Explanation:
1) Connect to the correct host
ssh cks000026
sudo -i
2) Identify the misbehaving Pod accessing /dev/mem
This task hints Falco is available → use it first (fast + intended).
2.1 Check Falco logs for /dev/mem access
journalctl -u falco | grep dev/mem
If Falco runs as a pod instead of systemd:
kubectl -n falco logs -l app=falco | grep dev/mem
2.2 Identify the Pod name
From the Falco output, you will see something like:
Pod=ollama-xxxxx Namespace=default File=/dev/mem
Note the exact Pod name (example: ollama-7c9d6f7b6d-abcde)
3) (If Falco logs are unclear) Confirm using Docker runtime
Because the cluster uses Docker, verify which container is accessing /dev/mem.
3.1 List running containers
docker ps
3.2 Inspect suspicious container
(Find container related to ollama)
docker inspect <container_id> | grep ollama
You should confirm it maps to the same Pod you saw in Falco.
4) Identify the Deployment managing the misbehaving Pod
4.1 Get Pod details
kubectl get pod <MISBEHAVING_POD_NAME> -o wide
4.2 Find owning Deployment
kubectl get pod <MISBEHAVING_POD_NAME> -o jsonpath='{.metadata.ownerReference[0].name}' This will output something like:
ollama
That is the Deployment name
5) Scale ONLY that Deployment to zero replicas
Do not edit, delete, or touch anything else
kubectl scale deployment ollama --replicas=0
6) Verify the Pod is terminated
kubectl get pods | grep ollama
Expected: no running Pods
Also confirm replicas:
kubectl get deployment ollama
Replicas should show:
0/0


問題 #60
On the Cluster worker node, enforce the prepared AppArmor profile
#include <tunables/global>
profile nginx-deny flags=(attach_disconnected) {
#include <abstractions/base>
file,
# Deny all file writes.
deny /** w,
}
EOF'

  • A. Edit the prepared manifest file to include the AppArmor profile.

答案：A

解題說明：
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: apparmor-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: apparmor-pod
image: nginx
Finally, apply the manifests files and create the Pod specified on it.
Verify: Try to make a file inside the directory which is restricted.


問題 #61
You are running a Kubernetes cluster that hosts several sensitive applications. You have implemented AppArmor and Seccomp profiles to restrict the system calls and resources that containers can access. However, you want to ensure a more comprehensive and automated way to enforce security policies across the cluster. How would you leverage Kubernetes Admission Controllers to achieve this, and how would you design a custom Admission Controller to implement your security policies?

答案：

解題說明：
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Understand Admission Controllers: Admission Controllers are plugins that act as gatekeepers for Kubernetes. They intercept requests to the Kubernetes API server (like creating Pods, Deployments, etc.) and can modify or reject them based on defined rules.
2. Design a Custom Admission Controller: You can create a custom Admission Controller using the Kubernetes API, the 'kube-apiserver' command, or using libraries like 'admission-webhook-client-go' in Go.
- Define the Admission Policy: Determine the security policies you want to enforce. This could include:
- Seccomp Profile Validation Ensure that all containers have a valid Seccomp profile applied.
- AppArmor Profile Enforcement: Ensure that all containers have the correct AppArmor profile applied.
- Network Policy Compliance: Check if all Pods adhere to defined NetworkPolicies.
- Resource Limits: Ensure tnat all containers have appropriate resource limits set.
- Implement the Validation Logic: Within your custom Admission Controller, implement the logic to:
- Parse the incoming Kubernetes resource (e.g., Pod, Deployment, etc.).
- Verify if the resource conforms to your security policies.
- Modify the resource (if necessary) or reject the request if the resource violates the policies.
- Create an Admission Webhook: Set up an Admission Webh00k to communicate with your custom Admission Controller. The webhook Will be a
server that the Kubernetes API server Will communicate with to validate the incoming requests.
3. Configure Kubernetes:
- Enable Admission Webhooks: Make sure you have enabled the 'AdmissionWebhook' feature in your Kubernetes cluster.
- Configure the Webhook: Add the webhook configuration to your 'kube-apiserver' configuration, pointing it to your Admission Controller server.
4. Deploy and Test: Deploy your custom Admission Controller. You can test its functionality by creating Pods that violate your security policies. The Admission Controller should reject the request, preventing the deployment of those Pods.
5. Example Implementation using Admission Webhook Client Go:

- Note: This is a basic outline- You would need to implement the actual validation logic based on your specific security policies. 6. Benefits: - Centralized Enforcement: Your security policies are entorced at the Kubemetes API level, ensuring consistency across the cluster. - Automation: Automated validation and enforcement ot security policies simplifies security management. - Flexibility: You can create custom Admission Controllers to address specific security needs in your cluster.


問題 #62
SIMULATION
Documentation dockerd
You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh cks000037
Task
Perform the following tasks to secure the cluster node cks000037 :
Remove user developer from the docker group.
Do not remove the user from any other group.
Reconfigure and restart the Docker daemon to ensure that the socket
file located at /var/run/docker.sock is owned by the group root.
Re-configure and restart the Docker daemon to ensure it does not listen on any TCP port.
After completing your work, ensure the Kubernetes cluster is healthy.

答案：

解題說明：
See the Explanation below for complete solution
Explanation:
1) Connect to the correct host
ssh cks000037
sudo -i
2) Remove user developer from the docker group ONLY
2.1 Verify current groups (optional but fast)
id developer
2.2 Remove ONLY from docker group
gpasswd -d developer docker
2.3 Verify removal
id developer
✅ docker should not appear; other groups must remain.
3) Reconfigure Docker to secure the socket and disable TCP
Docker config file:
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
3.1 Set socket group to root and disable TCP listeners
Ensure the file contains exactly these relevant settings (merge with existing JSON if present):
{
"group": "root",
"hosts": ["unix:///var/run/docker.sock"]
}
Important:
"group": "root" → docker.sock owned by group root
"hosts" includes ONLY the unix socket (no tcp://)
If the file already exists with other keys, add/adjust only these keys and keep valid JSON (commas!).
Save and exit:
:wq
4) Restart Docker daemon
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl status docker --no-pager
5) Verify Docker socket ownership and permissions
ls -l /var/run/docker.sock
Expected:
srw-rw---- 1 root root ...
✅ Owner: root
✅ Group: root
6) Verify Docker is NOT listening on TCP
ss -lntp | grep docker
Expected:
No output (or nothing bound to TCP by dockerd)
Optional double-check:
ps aux | grep dockerd | grep -v grep
Ensure no -H tcp://... flags.
7) Ensure Kubernetes cluster is healthy
7.1 Check node and pods
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -A
All nodes should be Ready, core pods Running.


問題 #63
You have a Kubernetes cluster with a Deployment running a web application. The application relies on a third-party library that was recently discovered to have a critical security vulnerability. You need to patch the vulnerability by updating the container image with the latest version of the library. However, you are not allowed to rebuild the entire image due to strict image size constraints.

答案：

解題說明：
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Identify the Vulnerable Library:
- Determine the specific third-party library that has the vulnerability.
2. Patch the Library in a Sidecar Container:
- Create a new container image that only contains the patched version of the vulnerable library.
- Add a sidecar container to your Deployment YAML that runs the patched library container.
- Ensure that the sidecar container is configured to run alongside the main application container.

3. Update the Deployment - Apply the updated Deployment YAML to your Kubernetes cluster. - The sidecar container will be deployed alongside the main application container, effectively patching the vulnerability without rebuilding the entire application image.


問題 #64
......

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