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ISQI CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section Weight Objectives
Topic 1: Tool Support for Testing 0% - Benefits and Risks of Test Automation
  • 1. Automated and manual testing trade-offs
  • 2. Tool selection and adoption
- Tools Support
  • 1. Performance measurement and dynamic analysis tools
  • 2. Test execution tools
  • 3. Test design and test implementation tools
  • 4. Test planning and control tools
  • 5. Test harness and unit test framework tools
Topic 2: Test Analysis and Design 20% - Test Techniques
  • 1. Decision table testing
  • 2. Statement testing and decision testing
  • 3. State transition testing
  • 4. Path testing
  • 5. Boundary value analysis
  • 6. Equivalence partitioning
- Experience-Based Test Techniques
  • 1. Checklist-based testing
  • 2. Error guessing
  • 3. Exploratory testing
- Characteristics of Good Tests
  • 1. Coverage and efficiency
  • 2. Test case design principles
Topic 3: Static Testing 15% - Review Process
  • 1. Roles and responsibilities in reviews
  • 2. Review types and their characteristics
  • 3. Review phases
  • 4. Success factors for reviews
- Static Testing Basics
  • 1. Value of static testing
  • 2. Static testing and the test process
Topic 4: Fundamentals of Testing 20% - The Psychology of Testing
  • 1. Human psychology and testing
  • 2. Cognitive biases
  • 3. Tester mindset and developer's mindset
- What is Testing?
  • 1. Typical testing objectives
  • 2. Testing and debugging
- Test Process
  • 1. Test activities and tasks
  • 2. Traceability between the test basis and test items
  • 3. Test work products
  • 4. Testing as a process
- Why is Testing Necessary?
  • 1. Quality assurance and testing
  • 2. Defects, root causes, and consequences
  • 3. Testing's contribution to success
  • 4. Errors, defects, and failures
Topic 5: Managing the Test Activities 25% - Configuration Management
  • 1. Configuration management activities
- Test Planning
  • 1. Purpose and content of a test plan
  • 2. Entry criteria and exit criteria
  • 3. Test estimation techniques
- Risk-Based Testing
  • 1. Risk mitigation
  • 2. Risk assessment
  • 3. Risk identification
- Test Monitoring and Control
  • 1. Metrics used in test monitoring and control
  • 2. Test reporting
- Defect Management
  • 1. Defect lifecycle
  • 2. Defect report fields
  • 3. Defect reporting tools
Topic 6: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle 20% - Software Development Lifecycle Models
  • 1. Iterative and incremental development models
  • 2. Agile and DevOps approaches
  • 3. Sequential development models
- Maintenance Testing
  • 1. Impact analysis
  • 2. Triggers for maintenance
  • 3. Types of maintenance testing
- Test Types
  • 1. Confirmation testing and regression testing
  • 2. Functional testing
  • 3. Black-box testing
  • 4. Non-functional testing
- Test Levels
  • 1. Component testing
  • 2. System testing
  • 3. Integration testing
  • 4. Acceptance testing

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最新的 ISTQB Foundation Level CTFL_Syll_4.0 免費考試真題 (Q220-Q225):

問題 #220
A Test Manager conducts risk assessment for a project. One of the identified risks is: The sub-contractor may fail to meet his commitment". If this risk materializes. it will lead to delay in completion of testing required for the current cycle.
Which of the following sentences correctly describes the risk?

  • A. It is a object risk since successful completion of the object depends on successful and timely completion of the tests
  • B. It is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party (the sub-contractor) is now managing it
  • C. It is a product risk since any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk.
  • D. It is a product risk since default on part of the sub-contractor may lead to delay in release of the product

答案：D

解題說明：
A product risk is a risk that affects the quality or timeliness of the software product being developed or tested1. Product risks are related to the requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance of the software product2.
The risk of the sub-contractor failing to meet his commitment is a product risk, as it could cause a delay in the completion of the testing required for the current cycle, which in turn could affect the release date of the product. The release date is an important aspect of the product quality, as it reflects the customer satisfaction and the market competitiveness of the product3.
The other options are not correct because:
A) It is not true that any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk. Some risks could be project risks, which are risks that affect the management or control of the software project, such as budget, resources, schedule, or communication1. For example, a risk of losing a key project stakeholder is a project risk, not a product risk.
B) It is not true that the risk is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party is managing it. The Test Manager is still responsible for ensuring that the testing activities are completed according to the test plan and the quality objectives4. The Test Manager should monitor and control the sub-contractor's performance and communicate with him regularly to identify and mitigate any potential issues or deviations5.
C) It is not clear what is meant by "object" in this option, but it could be interpreted as the software system under test or the test object6. In any case, the risk is not an object risk, as it does not affect the successful completion of the object, but rather the successful completion of the testing of the object. An object risk could be a risk that affects the functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, or portability of the software system under test2. For example, a risk of the software system having a high complexity or a low testability is an object risk, not a product risk.
Reference =
1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97
2 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98
3 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 99
4 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 100
5 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 101
6 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 102


問題 #221
Consider the following examples of risks identified in different software development projects:
[I]. The contrast color ratio for both normal text and large text of a website does not comply with the applicable accessibility guidelines, making it difficult for many users to read the content on the pages
[II]. A development vendor fails to deliver their software system on time, causing significant delays to system integration testing activities that have been planned as part of a development project for a system of systems
[III]. People in the test team do not have sufficient skills to automate tests at the test levels required by the test automation strategy which does not allow production of an effective regression test suite
[IV]. In a web application, data from untrusted sources is not subject to proper input validation, making the application vulnerable to several security attacks Which of the following statements is true?

  • A. [II], [III] and [IV] are product risks; [I] is a project risk
  • B. [IV] is a product risk; [I]. [II] and [III] are project risks
  • C. [I] and [IV] are product risks. [II] and [III] are project risks
  • D. [I] and [III] are product risks; [II] and [IV] are project risks

答案：C

解題說明：
This answer is correct because product risks are risks that affect the quality of the software product, such as defects, failures, or non-compliance with requirements or standards. Project risks are risks that affect the project's schedule, budget, resources, or scope, such as delays, cost overruns, skill gaps, or scope changes. In this case, [I] and [IV] are product risks, as they relate to the accessibility and security of the software product, which are quality attributes. [II] and [III] are project risks, as they relate to the delivery time and the test automation skills of the test team, which are project factors. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.
0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.1.1.1


問題 #222
The following rules determine the annual bonus to be paid to a salesman of a company based on the total annual amount of the sales made (referred to as TAS). If the TAS is between 50k and
80k, the bonus is 10%. If the TAS exceeds 80k by a value not greater than 40k, the bonus is
15%. Finally, if the TAS exceeds the maximum threshold which entitles to a 15% bonus, the bonus is 22%. Consider applying equivalence partitioning to the TAS (Note: 1k = 1000 euros).
Which one of the following answers contain only test cases that belong to the same equivalence partition?

  • A. TC1 = 81 k; TC2= 97k; TC3=111k; TC4=118k
  • B. TC1 = 79k; TC2= 80k; TC3=81k; TC4=82k
  • C. TC1 = 90k; TC2= 110k; TC3=125k: TC4=140k
  • D. TC1 = 40k; TC2= 46k; TC3=51k; TC4=53k

答案：A

解題說明：
This answer is correct because equivalence partitioning is a test design technique that divides the input domain of a system or component into partitions of equivalent data, such that each partition is expected to produce the same output or behavior. Equivalence partitioning aims to reduce the number of test cases by selecting one representative value from each partition. In this case, the input domain of the TAS can be divided into four partitions based on the bonus rules: less than
50k, between 50k and 80k, between 80k and 120k, and more than 120k. The test cases in the answer belong to the same partition, which is between 80k and 120k, and they are expected to produce the same output, which is a bonus of 15%.


問題 #223
Which of the following types of bug are more likely to be found by static testing then by dynamic testing?

  • A. Variables that were declared in the code without initialization
  • B. Functions that take much longer time to complete than expected
  • C. Crashes of the application
  • D. A sub-system that does not perform the intended functionality

答案：A

解題說明：
Static testing involves reviewing the code, requirements, and design documents without executing the code. It is effective in finding certain types of bugs that do not require the code to be run. One common example of such a bug is variables that are declared but not initialized. These issues can be detected through code inspections or static analysis tools, which can identify uninitialized variables, missing declarations, and other coding standard violations without the need to execute the code.


問題 #224
Which of the following issues cannot be identified by static analysis tools?

  • A. Referencing a variable with an undefined value
  • B. Security vulnerabilities
  • C. Very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure)
  • D. Potentially endless loops

答案：C

解題說明：
Static analysis tools are software tools that examine the source code of a program without executing it. They can detect various types of issues, such as syntax errors, coding standards violations, security vulnerabilities, and potential bugs. However, static analysis tools cannot identify issues that depend on the runtime behavior or performance of the program, such as very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure). MTBF is a measure of the reliability of a system or component. It is calculated by dividing the total operating time by the number of failures. MTBF reflects how often a system or component fails during its expected lifetime. Static analysis tools cannot measure MTBF because they do not run the program or observe its failures. MTBF can only be estimated by dynamic testing, which involves executing the program under various conditions and collecting data on its failures. Therefore, very low MTBF is an issue that cannot be identified by static analysis tools.


問題 #225
......

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